CAR stands for Chimeric Antigen Receptor.
But first, let us explain what T-cells do.
Imagine T-cells as our knights in shining armour, moving around the body finding and destroying harmful or defective cells. Were we to come into contact with a new disease or infection, our T cells step up to fight them. And they’re excellent defenders.
Except when it comes to cancer cells, which can easily be missed because the T cells can’t always tell the difference between these, and a normal cell. So, this situation needs to be remedied, which is where CAR T-Cell Therapy comes into play.
CAR T-Cell Therapy takes a sample of T-cells from the blood – this is called apheresis. In the lab, they change the T-cells – in other words, they use a form of genetic engineering. These new cells can then recognise and target a specific protein on the cancer cells.
They multiply in the lab, and then, when there’s enough of them to have an influence, scientists put them back into the bloodstream, enabling the T-cells to fight cancerous cells as effectively as they battle against other conditions and infections.