Stem Cell Blog

Употребата на матичните клетки од папочна врвца рапидно се зголемува. Пред 10 години крвта од папочна врвца можеше да лекува околу 40 состојби, но денес таа бројка е над 80. Со нетрпение очекуваме нови терапии за болести и нарушувања како што се дијабет, аутизам и мозочен удар, можете да бидете во тек со најновите случувања во регенеративната медицина на нашиот блог за матични клетки.



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A groundbreaking therapy based on transplanting mitochondria into blood stem cells has shown encouraging results in an ongoing, phase 2 trial. If successful, the therapy could not only treat rare, incurable diseases, but also potentially help reverse some of the effects of ageing.

What is mitochondrial dysfunction?

Mitochondria are tiny organs (organelles) found within cells, which work to produce the energy the cell needs to perform the rest of its functions. When they stop functioning correctly, the cells they are in are starved of energy, leading to a wide variety of potential issues depending on the cells affected.[1]

This dysfunction is the hallmark and cause of several diseases and conditions, collectively referred to as mitochondrial disease. These are complex diseases frequently involving multiple organs in the body; although they range in severity, many are ultimately fatal, and there are currently no treatments other than palliative care.[2][3] Many are early onset, developing in babies and young children.[4] This is the case for Pearson syndrome and Kearns-Sayre syndrome, the two conditions on which the therapy is currently being tested.[2][5]

In addition to these, mitochondrial dysfunction has also been linked to several other currently untreatable conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s[6], Parkinson’s[2] and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis[7], as well as cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, diabetes and more.[2]

How is this connected to ageing?

As we age, our bodies become less able to function well, and this includes the mitochondria. When they are working correctly, mitochondria produce limited quantities of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which are unstable, highly reactive molecules containing oxygen. ROS are a normal byproduct of cellular metabolism, and play a role in helping cells communicate and remain balanced. Mitochondria that function poorly, however, produce excessive quantities of ROS, which can cause damage to various parts of the cell, including mitochondria. This leads to a vicious cycle where mitochondria functionality continues to worsen and ROS production continues to increase.[8][9][10] There is also evidence that inefficient energy production in mitochondria is what causes the loss of muscle mass and function in the elderly (sarcopenia).[11][12]

This growing body of research, combined with the connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and conditions which occur more frequently in the elderly, such as Alzheimer’s, suggests that treating mitochondrial dysfunction could slow, or even potentially reverse, the ageing process.[2][3][8][9]

How could a mitochondria transplant help?

The therapy, which has been in development for over a decade at Minovia, an Israeli company, hinges on extracting mitochondria from healthy cells from a donor. Scientists then take blood stem cells from the patient and enrich them with the healthy mitochondria. The enriched cells are then infused back into the patient’s bloodstream.[2][3]

The first generation of the therapy used mitochondria from white blood cells. The second generation currently being trialled uses mitochondria collected from the placenta; this is a young, healthy organ, which contains what has been described as ‘super mitochondria’.[3]

On young patients suffering from Pearson syndrome and Kearns-Sayre syndrome, the therapy is safe and has had marked improvements on physical development, energy, and quality of life.[3][5]

The research team believes that the same therapy could also help elderly patients suffering from mitochondrial dysfunction. A clinical trial for myelodysplastic syndrome, a rare type of blood cancer potentially linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, is ongoing.[13] The team is working on the development of biomarkers to test whether older patients are experiencing mitochondrial dysfunction, with an ultimate goal of trialling the therapy on elderly patients beginning in 2026.[3]

The power of the placenta

Although the placenta is frequently discarded as medical waste after birth, it is a valuable source of young, powerful cells. These could be the key to the treatment of diseases for which we currently have no cure. What’s more, they could prove to be invaluable for anti-aging treatments that could enable us to live longer, healthier lives. “We could,” says Dr Natalie Yivgi-Ohana, CEO and cofounder of Minovia, “find it to be the fountain of youth.”[3] To learn more about the placenta, and how you could preserve it for future use rather than discarding it, fill in the form below to request our free guide.

References

[1] Newman, T. (2018). Mitochondria: Form, function, and disease. MedicalNewsToday. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320875

[2] Minovia. (2025). Mitochondrial Augmentation Technology (MAT). https://minoviatx.com/therapy/

[3] Knapton, S. (2025). The pioneering therapy that could roll back ageing. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2025/08/16/the-pioneering-therapy-that-could-roll-back-rigours-ageing/

[4] Rahman, S. (2020). Mitochondrial disease in children. Journal of Internal Medicine, 287(6). doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13054

[5] GlobeNewswire. (2025). Minovia Therapeutics Announces Interim Data from Phase 2 Trial in Pearson Syndrome Demonstrating No Treatment-Related Serious Adverse Events and Preliminary Signal for Efficacy Measured by Growth.

[6] Morteza Abyadeh, et al. (2021). Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease – a proteomics perspective. Expert Review of Proteomics, 18(4), pp.295–304. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14789450.2021.1918550

[7] Muyderman, H. and Chen, T. (2014). Mitochondrial dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis – a valid pharmacological target? British Journal of Pharmacology, 171(8), pp.2191–2205. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.12476

[8] López-Otín, et al. (2013). The Hallmarks of Aging. Cell, 153(6), pp.1194–1217. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039

[9] Wei, P., et al. (2025). Mitochondrial dysfunction and aging: multidimensional mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Biogerontology, 26(4). doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-025-10273-4

[10] Somasundaram, I., et al. (2024). Mitochondrial dysfunction and its association with age-related disorders. Frontiers in Physiology, 15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1384966

[11] Marzetti, E., et al. (2013). Mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia of aging: From signaling pathways to clinical trials. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 45(10), pp.2288–2301. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2013.06.024

[12] Marzetti, E. and Leeuwenburgh, C. (2006). Skeletal muscle apoptosis, sarcopenia and frailty at old age. Experimental Gerontology, 41(12), pp.1234–1238. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2006.08.011

[13] Clinicaltrials.gov. (2025). A Study to Evaluate the MNV-201 in Patients with Low Risk MDS. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06465160


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A team of scientists at UCLA, United States, has shown it’s possible to reprogram haematopoietic stem cells to generate a regular supply of cancer-killing T cells. This novel approach, tested in a first-of-its-kind clinical trial the results of which were published in Nature Communications, could potentially offer longer-lasting protection from cancer.

T-cell cancer therapies and their challenges

T cells are a type of lymphocytes, white blood cells which are part of the immune system and move around the body finding and destroying abnormal cells to fight infection and disease. However, sometimes it can be difficult for T cells to tell the difference between cancerous cells and normal cells. This enables the cancerous cells to avoid destruction.[1]

T-cell cancer therapies collect T cells from the patient’s blood through a process called apheresis. Following this, the T cells are modified in the laboratory to make them better able to find and destroy cancerous cells. Then, the patient undergoes conditioning chemotherapy to weaken the immune system, in order to ensure the modified T cells have little competition from other T cells and can therefore be as effective as possible. Lastly, the modified T-cells are infused back into the patient.[1]

One type of T-cell therapy is CAR T-cell therapy. This therapy modifies T cells by adding a protein, called a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR), to their surface, enabling them to recognise a specific protein on the surface of cancer cells. CAR T-cell therapies are approved in the UK for children and adults with B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, as well as adults with some types of lymphoma.[1][2]

These therapies have been successful in treating blood cancers where other types of treatment have failed. However, solid tumours, such as melanoma or breast cancer, are more difficult to target with cell therapies. This is due to the cancerous cells being more challenging to target without harming other tissues, as well as the need for cell therapies to get through body tissue to get to the tumour. Some cell therapies have recently been approved for use in clinical care in the United States, with more  currently in development,[3] including the novel approach developed by the research team at UCLA.

How is the new therapy different?

One of the problems with T cell therapy for solid tumours is that while the therapy works at first, resulting in shrinking of the tumour in a large proportion of patients, this result is not sustainable, with patients often relapsing within 6-12 months of the treatment. This is because the number of modified T cells in the body decreases over time. What’s more, the ones that remain also become less effective. Thus, the need for a self-renewing source of these cells beyond the original infusion at point of treatment.[4]

Indeed, the therapy developed by the research team at UCLA features a novel, two-pronged approach. First, patients underwent a process called mobilisation, which involves using medication to stimulate the production of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) and then collecting them through apheresis. The stem cells were then modified in the lab to enable them to give rise to T cells able to target a specific tumour marker (NY-ESO-1). Once the modified stem cells were ready and had been tested, T cells were collected from patients through a second apheresis and modified to be able to target the same NY-ESO-1 tumour marker. Following conditioning chemotherapy, both the modified stem cells and the modified T cells were reinfused into the patients.

What were the trial results?

Five patients with relapsed or treatment-resistant metastatic sarcoma, a type of solid tumour, were recruited into the trial; two had to drop out of the study, and three ultimately received the treatment. Of the three, two had a positive response to the treatment, with a reduction in tumour size; the third showed no response, something which could possibly be attributed to the conditioning chemotherapy not being as effective as it could have been.

In one of the patients who had a positive response, the modified stem cells failed to engraft and produce any new T cells. Researchers attributed this to the fact that the process of modifying the stem cells, although successful, produced results that were at the lowest acceptable level for use in the clinical trial.

The last patient had successful engraftment of the stem cells, which began to produce new T cells. Unfortunately, she passed away during the study from a respiratory infection which arose as a complication of the conditioning chemotherapy.

The road towards a treatment for cancer

This was a small, preliminary trial, limited to a handful of patients with advanced cancer. The results demonstrated that the two-pronged therapy approach is feasible and can work. However, the treatment needs further development and more extensive testing before it can be deemed ready for clinical use. What’s more, it may not be suitable for all patients, given the dangers inherent to conditioning chemotherapy for those who are already very weak.

Still, there is no doubt that stem cells could hold the key to more effective treatments than those we already have, as well as cures for conditions and diseases currently considered incurable. Indeed, the researchers posit that variations on the approach tested in this trial might be used to target a wide variety of other diseases, such as HIV.

There are many possible sources of stem cells, such as from cord blood, fat, bone marrow, or peripheral blood, the latter of which was used in this particular trial. Some of these sources are always available throughout your lifetime, although they may be easier or harder to obtain stem cells from at the point of treatment. On the other hand, others, such as cord blood and other perinatal (birth-related) sources of stem cells, can only be obtained at specific times.

It is impossible to know, right now, which sources of stem cells could be most effective for therapies which are still in the early stages of development today. Your baby’s future health could depend on having access to as wide a variety of stem cell sources as possible, to enable the widest range of treatment options. To learn more about how you could preserve a rich source of stem cells for your baby right when they are born, fill in the form below to receive a free guide to stem cell banking.

References

[1] Cancer Research UK (2025). CAR T-cell therapy. https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/treatment/targeted-cancer-drugs-immunotherapy/car-t-cell-therapy

[2] Anthony Nolan. (2024). What is CAR T-cell therapy? https://www.anthonynolan.org/patients-and-families/what-car-t-cell-therapy

[3] University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. (2021). UCLH to drive forward research in cell therapies for solid tumours. https://www.uclh.nhs.uk/news/uclh-drive-forward-research-cell-therapies-solid-tumours

[4] Nowicki, T.S., et al. (2025). Human cancer-targeted immunity via transgenic hematopoietic stem cell progeny. Nature Communications, 16(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-60816-z


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The first in-human trial of a stem cell therapy to treat hearing loss is due to begin later this year in the UK, after receiving MHRA approval. The trial will test whether the treatment is safe, as well as evaluate its effects on auditory function.[1]

What is hearing loss?

As the name implies, hearing loss is a loss of hearing ability, whether partial or total. Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common form of hearing loss, accounting for about 90% of all adult cases.[2] This type of hearing loss is caused by problems either with inner ear structures or with the auditory nerve, and can vary in severity depending on the degree of damage. Common causes include regular exposure to loud noise, as well as ageing.[3] 1 in 3 adults over 65 have hearing loss;[4] by the age of 70, this is estimated to increase to 2 in 3.[5]

The WHO estimates that over 1.5 billion people, or nearly 20% of the world’s population, have some level of hearing loss. Moreover, 430 million of these have hearing loss severe enough that it is classified as disabling. By 2050, this number could increase to over 700 million people.[6]

Some hearing loss, particularly that caused by exposure to loud noise, can be prevented. Once the ear is damaged, however, the hearing loss is permanent. There is no treatment currently available that can reverse the damage. Instead, hearing aids can be used to make sounds louder and clearer, reducing the impact of hearing loss on everyday life.[3] For particularly severe cases of hearing loss for which hearing aids do not help, hearing implants such as cochlear implants are also available.[7]

What will the trial entail?

The stem cell therapy being tested, called Rincell-1, is made of specialised, laboratory-grown auditory neuron cells. These cells can potentially grow into auditory neurons and improve hearing. This has already been tested in laboratory and in animal studies.[8]

The therapy, delivered in partnership with NHS cochlear implant programs in the UK, will be given together with a cochlear implant. A total of 20 patients will take part in the trial, split evenly into two groups based on the condition causing their hearing loss. Half the patients enrolled will have age-related hearing loss, while the other half will have postsynaptic auditory neuropathy, a condition in which the transmission of signals to the brain through the auditory nerve is disrupted. In each group, six patients will be randomly assigned to receive the therapy in combination with a cochlear implant, while the other four will receive a cochlear implant alone.[9]

The trial is due to begin in autumn 2025, and will follow patients for up to 52 weeks after receiving treatment.

The road towards treating hearing loss

The specific therapy being tested in this trial is using lab-grown neuron cells as a one-size-fits-all approach. There is, however, no guarantee that this will provide a full therapeutic benefit, as when implanting cells that are not a perfect genetic match to the patient receiving them there is always a chance of rejection. Therefore, access to such a therapy, once one is perfected in the future, could depend on having a source of perfectly matching stem cells. This could be the case not just for hearing loss treatment, but also for many other diseases and conditions for which a cure is still being sought and developed. To learn more about how you could preserve a perfectly matched source for your baby, complete the form below to receive your free guide.

References

[1] Landymore, F. (2025). Stem Cell Treatment to Reverse Hearing Loss Kicking Off in Human Patients. Yahoo News. https://www.yahoo.com/news/stem-cell-treatment-reverse-hearing-121543870.html

[2] Healthline. Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment. https://www.healthline.com/health/sensorineural-hearing-loss

[3] NHS (2021). Hearing loss. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hearing-loss/

[4] John Hopkins Medicine (2019). Age-Related Hearing Loss (Presbycusis). https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/presbycusis

[5] Cheslock, M. and De Jesus, O. (2023). Presbycusis. PubMed. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559220/

[6] World Health Organization (2023). Deafness and hearing loss. https://www.who.int/health-topics/hearing-loss#tab=tab_2

[7] RNID (2024). Cochlear implants. https://rnid.org.uk/information-and-support/hearing-loss/hearing-implants/cochlear-implants/

[8] Rinri Therapeutics. Our Clinical Research – Rincell. https://www.rinri-therapeutics.com/our-clinical-research/#rincell

[9] Clinicaltrials.gov. (2025). First In Human Randomised Trial of Rincell-1 in Adults With a Cochlear Implant. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07032038


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The liver is a remarkably resilient organ – the only organ in the body capable of regenerating itself when damaged.[1] Damage to the liver does, however, build up over time, eventually leading first to chronic (long-term) liver disease and then, inevitably, to liver failure.[2] If liver failure occurs suddenly and also involves the failure of other organs, it is called acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF).[3]

A lack of treatment options

The odds of ACLF occurring increase as a patient’s chronic liver disease worsens, ranging from around 7%[4] in the early stages of cirrhosis (which itself is the final stage of chronic liver disease) to about 35%[5] in the end stage. It can, however, even happen in very early chronic liver disease, although this is quite rare.[6]

ACLF is generally triggered by something negative happening to the liver, such as drinking alcohol, bacterial infections, sepsis, or a hepatitis flare[7][8]. In up to 40-50% of cases, though, the trigger is never conclusively identified.[8] Whatever the cause, the result is an uncontrolled, intense systemic inflammation, which then leads to organ damage and failure. This, in turn, worsens the inflammation, leading to a vicious cycle.[3][9] Depending on the severity of the organ failure, 28-day mortality for ACLF can vary from around 18% to as high as nearly 89%.[7]

Treatment options for ACLF are limited to identifying and treating the triggering event, as well as supporting failing organs and managing complications while helping the body to recover.[7][10] A liver transplant is the only effective treatment, with survival rates for patients with severe ACLF who receive a transplant reaching nearly 80%.[7] However, not every patient may be eligible for a transplant[10] or, for that matter, find a match in time, given how quickly ACLF progresses[3][11]. There is therefore an urgent need for a treatment for ACLF that does not rely on a liver transplant.

Addressing the root cause

Because systemic inflammation is a key component of ACLF, an effective treatment must target this as well as the underlying liver damage. This is not always possible with currently available treatment options. Treating the trigger for the inflammation can make a difference,[11] but this cannot even always be conclusively identified. Moreover, the only available method to treat liver damage once it has reached the chronic stage is a transplant, which, as previously mentioned, is not always an option.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are powerful, tissue-forming stem cells, which can help in wound healing and tissue regeneration. MSCs also have a strong potential for regulating the body’s immune response and reducing inflammation. It is these properties that have drawn researchers’ attention to their potential uses in the field of regenerative medicine,[6][12] and that could make a difference in the treatment of ACLF by helping to regenerate the liver as well as reducing systemic inflammation.[3][6]

MSC therapy for ACLF is in the early stages of development; recently, a systematic review and meta-analysis of six clinical trials and one retrospective study was conducted, in order to better assess its safety and effectiveness.[3]

What were the results of the analysis?

Across the board, MSCs proved to be a safe treatment for ACLF, with no adverse events or serious side effects being recorded in any of the individual studies. What’s more, study results indicate the treatment could indeed prove to be effective.

Firstly, the review authors pooled data from a total of 363 patients to analyse scores on the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scale. This scale is used to assess the severity of chronic liver disease and determine the urgency of a liver transplant.[13] MELD scores were found to have significantly decreased in patients who underwent the treatment, indicating an improvement in liver function and a better chance of survival.

Next, the authors analysed the reported data on levels of albumin, a key protein made by the liver. Across the studies which reported them, albumin levels were shown to have increased, confirming the boost to liver function. Other markers of liver function also improved, although these were not found to have been statistically significant.

The authors also performed a time analysis, hoping to determine the best time to perform the treatment. They found that liver function improved at 4 and 24 weeks post-therapy in the treatment group when compared to the control group. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups either earlier (2-week mark) or longer term. Thus, the authors suggest that the best result may be achieved by repeating the treatment once efficacy begins to wane.

Furthermore, the authors note that more research is needed to identify the best treatment route, as there currently isn’t enough data to conclusively determine this. Scientists are also still investigating the best source of MSCs for treatment; of the many possible sources, most of the studies included in the review used MSCs from the umbilical cord.

The promise of stem cells

Larger, more wide-ranging trials are needed to determine whether MSC treatment for ACLF is truly effective. Still, this research, along with ongoing studies into the use of stem cells for the treatment of other diseases and conditions, highlights the potential of regenerative medicine. Banking your baby’s umbilical cord stem cells at birth could offer a significant advantage, providing a readily available, personal source of cells for future treatments without having to rely on donated cords or other sources. To learn more about harnessing this potential for your baby’s future health, fill in the form below to request your free guide to stem cell banking.

References

[1] British Liver Trust. (2025). About your liver. https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-health-2/abouttheliver/#repair

[2] John Hopkins Medicine (2019). Chronic Liver Disease/Cirrhosis. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/chronic-liver-disease-cirrhosis

[3] Lu, W., et al. (2025). Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in acute on chronic liver failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 16(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04303-8

[4] Mahmud, N., et al. (2019). Incidence and Mortality of Acute‐on‐Chronic Liver Failure Using Two Definitions in Patients with Compensated Cirrhosis. Hepatology, 69(5), pp.2150–2163. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.30494

[5] Mezzano, G., et al. (2022). Global burden of disease: acute-on-chronic liver failure, a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut, [online] 71(1), pp.148–155. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322161

[6] Khanam, A. and Kottilil, S. (2021). Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Management. Frontiers in Medicine, 8. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.752875

[7] Kumar, R., Mehta, G. and Jalan, R. (2020). Acute-on-chronic liver failure. Clinical Medicine, 20(5), pp.501–504. doi:https://doi.org/10.7861/clinmed.2020-0631

[8] Shah, N.J., Mousa, O.Y., Syed, K. and John, S. (2021). Acute On Chronic Liver Failure. PubMed. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499902/

[9] Zaccherini, G., Weiss, E. and Moreau, R. (2021). Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Definitions, pathophysiology and principles of treatment. JHEP Reports, 3(1), p.100176. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100176

[10] AASLD. (2025). Management of Acute on Chronic Liver Failure in the Hospitalized Patient. https://www.aasld.org/liver-fellow-network/core-series/clinical-pearls/management-acute-chronic-liver-failure

[11] British Liver Trust. (2025). What is cirrhosis? https://britishlivertrust.org.uk/information-and-support/liver-conditions/cirrhosis/#aclf

[12] Margiana, R., et al. (2022). Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell in regenerative medicine: a narrative review. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, [online] 13(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-022-03054-0

[13] Cleveland Clinic. (2025). MELD Score: How It’s Calculated & Interpreting Results. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/meld-score


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Chronic complete spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-altering diagnosis that severs communication between the brain and body, leading to a permanent loss of movement and sensation for which no restorative treatments currently exist.[1] However, a groundbreaking clinical trial investigating using Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) from umbilical cord tissue may offer a path towards a potential treatment. The study found the treatment was not only safe but also led to encouraging improvements in sensation, motor function, and quality of life for participants with the condition.

Complete SCI and the potential of WJ-MSCs

A “complete” spinal cord injury signifies a total disruption of nerve signals, resulting in a complete loss of all sensory and motor function below the injury level.[1] This leads to conditions like tetraplegia (paralysis from the neck down) or paraplegia (paralysis of the lower body), along with several debilitating complications including severe muscle spasticity, chronic pain, and loss of bladder and bowel control.[2][3]

In searching for a therapy, researchers have turned to Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance within the umbilical cord that is an exceptionally rich source of powerful mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).[4] These cells are collected non-invasively from cords that are normally discarded after birth, posing no risk to mother or child.[5]

WJ-MSCs have several key advantages. As neonatal cells, they are more robust and multiply more effectively than adult stem cells. More importantly, they exert a powerful therapeutic influence through what is known as the paracrine effect. Instead of just replacing damaged cells, they secrete a cocktail of molecules that powerfully reduces inflammation, modulates the immune system, and releases growth factors to protect surviving neurons and promote healing.[5]

Crucially, WJ-MSCs are “immune-privileged,” meaning they are unlikely to be rejected by a recipient’s immune system.[4] This may allow for allogeneic transplantation—using cells from a universal donor for any eligible patient. This makes it possible to create an “off-the-shelf” therapy that can be ready whenever a patient needs it, which would be a revolutionary step for those with SCI.

Trial results

The recent Phase I clinical trial was designed to test the safety and preliminary efficacy of transplanting these allogeneic WJ-MSCs into patients with chronic, complete SCI.[6] The results after one year were encouraging.

First and foremost, the treatment was proven to be safe, with no serious adverse events reported from the cell transplantation.

The most significant finding was the objective neurological improvement. After the treatment and throughout the follow-up period, patients saw their scores improving in both pin-prick and light touch tests. In other words, they regained some sensation that had been previously lost. Moreover, motor scores improved, and a reduction in spasticity (painful, involuntary muscle stiffness) was also noted.

These neurological gains translated into real-world benefits. Patients saw improvements in their Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores, indicating they needed less assistance with daily activities like dressing and grooming, which represents a significant step toward greater personal autonomy. What’s more, the treatment also resulted in a reduction in the adverse effects of bladder and bowel controls on daily life.

The path forward

While these preliminary results are incredibly promising, larger and more rigorous controlled trials are needed to definitively confirm the treatment’s effectiveness. Nonetheless, this study challenges the long-held belief that chronic complete SCI is untreatable.

This study highlights the therapeutic potential that is within the umbilical cord. As science continues to unlock the power of these stem cells, the value of banking this once-in-a-lifetime resource becomes more apparent.

To learn more about banking your baby’s stem cells and to receive your free Parents’ Guide to Cord Blood Banking, request your Welcome Pack today.

References

[1] National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2022). Spinal cord injury. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/spinal-cord-injury

[2] Shepherd Center. (2025). Types & Levels of Spinal Cord Injuries. https://shepherd.org/treatment/conditions/spinal-cord-injury/types-and-levels/

[3] Mayo Clinic (2024). Spinal cord injury – Symptoms and causes. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-cord-injury/symptoms-causes/syc-20377890

[4] Kim, D.-W., et al. (2013). Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Phenotypic Characterization and Optimizing Their Therapeutic Potential for Clinical Applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14(6), pp.11692–11712. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140611692

[5] Drobiova, H., et al. (2023). Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells: a concise review of their secretome and prospective clinical applications. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 11. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2023.1211217

[6] Kaplan, N., et al. (2025). Multiroute administration of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells in chronic complete spinal cord injury: A phase I safety and feasibility study. World Journal of Stem Cells, 17(5). doi:https://doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v17.i5.101675


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A recent phase 1 trial has found that umbilical cord stem cell eye drops could help relieve the symptoms of dry eye for patients with a severe, treatment-resistant form of the condition​.

What is dry eye? 

Dry eye is a chronic condition where either the eyes do not produce enough tears or the tears produced dry up too quickly.[1] Normally, tears spread over the surface of the eyes every time you blink, keeping it moist and protected and washing away any debris.[2] If there aren’t enough tears, your eyes can become irritated and feel very uncomfortable. Severe dry eye can lead to vision problems, infection and damage to the eye.[1]

Dry eye is a fairly common condition, frequently caused by ageing, with up to a third of people aged 65 of over suffering from it. Other issues that can affect the eyes can also cause dry eye. This includes excessive screen use, living or working somewhere overly dry, overuse of contact lenses, allergies or eye surgery. Autoimmune diseases such as lupus or Sjögren syndrome can also be at fault.[3]

Treatment options for dry eye vary depending on the severity. For mild cases of the condition, regular use of non-prescription eye drops (artificial tears) can be enough. For more severe cases, treatment options can include special contact lenses, prescription medicine to decrease inflammation or increase tear production, and even plugging the tear ducts to prevent tears from draining away too quickly.[4]

Unfortunately, however, there remain cases of severe dry eye that are resistant to any treatment, leaving patients with a reduced quality of life and at risk of vision loss.

What did the trial find?

The trial explored eye drops containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the umbilical cord as a treatment for severe, treatment-resistant dry eye.[5] It included 16 patients with the condition, as well as 15 healthy subjects who received no treatment, but served as a control to highlight and identify the extent of the dry eye symptoms in the treatment group. Five of the participants had dry eye caused by Sjögren syndrome, which reduces tear production and often causes more severe symptoms than non-Sjögren dry eye.

Patients used the MSC eye drops twice a day for two weeks, in both eyes. Researchers assessed how well the treatment worked based on patient-reported eye discomfort, as well as objective tests to determine the health of the cornea, levels of tear production, and how quickly tears evaporated. They also evaluated how well meibomian glands worked: these glands are responsible for producing the oily outer layer of tears that keep them from evaporating too quickly. Safety was rigorously monitored throughout the trial.

The treatment had positive results in patients, significantly easing most signs and symptoms of dry eye by the four-week follow-up visit. The improvements were particularly significant in terms of tear production, as well as less damage to the surface of the eye. Meibomian glands also worked better and were found to be less obstructed. Moreover, the quality of tears improved and discomfort lessened, though only reaching statistical significance in non-Sjögren patients.

Tear composition analysis offered potential insights into how the treatment worked. After the treatment, tears had lower levels of inflammatory proteins, as well as higher levels of Mucin 5AC, a protein which helps with the lubrication of the surface of the eye. This suggests that it is the anti-inflammatory properties of the umbilical cord MSCs that are working to relieve symptoms.

The healing potential of umbilical cord stem cells

Because this was a first-in-human, small scale preliminary trial, more research is needed before this treatment for dry eye can become readily available. Still, the promising results underscore the strong potential of umbilical cord stem cells for the treatment of not just dry eye, but also other conditions and diseases that currently have no real cure.

To learn how you could preserve your baby’s umbilical cord for potential future treatment use should they ever need it, fill in the form below to receive our free guide.

References

[1] Mayo Clinic (2022). Dry eyes – Symptoms and causes. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-eyes/symptoms-causes/syc-20371863

[2] American Academy of Ophthalmology (2019). What Is Dry Eye? https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-dry-eye

[3] Moorfields Private (2024). The dreaded dry eye. https://www.moorfields.nhs.uk/private/refer-to-us/for-healthcare-professionals/news-and-articles/the-dreaded-dry-eye

[4] Mayo Clinic (2019). Dry eyes – Diagnosis and treatment. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-eyes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20371869

[5] Zhang, D., et al. (2025). A first-in-human, prospective pilot trial of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell eye drops therapy for patients with refractory non-Sjögren’s and Sjögren’s syndrome dry eye disease. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 16(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-025-04292-8


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A six-year-old girl named Zara has become the first child in Australia to receive an infusion of her own stored cord blood as treatment for cerebral palsy outside of a clinical trial. Experts hope that this milestone will pave the way towards broader availability, therefore removing the need for Australian children with cerebral palsy to travel elsewhere for treatment.[1]

Zara’s story 

Zara was born prematurely, and was diagnosed with cerebral palsy after she began missing milestones. Before she was born, her parents had made the decision to store her cord blood with an Australian stem cell bank, due to her mother having type 1 diabetes. After the cerebral palsy diagnosis, her parents wondered if the stored cord blood might help her.[1]

Initially, they considered travelling overseas, as cord blood treatment for cerebral palsy is not generally available in Australia. In fact, excluding Zara, only 12 other children have received this treatment, and all were part of a clinical trial. Conversely, Australian charity Cerebral Palsy Alliance (CPA) estimates that hundreds of families have had to spend tens of thousands of dollars to seek this treatment abroad.[1][2]

Planning and securing the required approvals for the treatment took more than a year. It was a coordinated group effort, involving not only Zara’s parents and her paediatric neurologist, Professor Michael Fahey, but also the stem cell bank, CPA, Melbourne’s Monash Children’s Hospital and Hudson Institute of Medical Research and several local politicians.[1]

Zara received her cord blood in April of this year, and her progress will be monitored in the months and years ahead. The biggest gains are expected between three and six months after the treatment, but Zara’s parents are already seeing improvements in her balance and movement, as well as reduced muscle stiffness. “At soccer training, she can weave between the cones easier,” her mother said. “At physio the other day, for the first time in her life, she walked up and down four steps without ­having to hold on to the rail.”[1]

What does cord blood treatment for cerebral palsy entail?

After careful thawing and preparation, the cord blood treatment is given as an infusion, through a drip into the arm. The process takes 20-30 minutes and is very similar to a standard blood transfusion.[3][1] It is believed that the cord blood treatment works by helping the brain form new pathways; these are then strengthened and refined by a cycle of rehabilitation, done after the treatment.[3] A recently-published review paper confirms, through extensive data analysis, that cord blood treatment followed by rehabilitation improves motor skills significantly more than rehabilitation alone.[4][5]

The treatment can use either autologous (the child’s own) cord blood, as in Zara’s case, or allogeneic (a donor’s). In the latter case, a sibling is often the cord blood donor. At Cells4Life, we have released six cord blood samples for treatment of a sibling with cerebral palsy, most recently in 2024; sibling donors were also used in the single clinical trial performed in Australia.[2]

Why is this treatment not more widely available?

The science supports the effectiveness of cord blood treatment for cerebral palsy, particularly in younger children as well as those with less severe forms of the condition.[4][5] However, it is not yet approved in any country, including Australia and the UK, and as such is not readily available as a therapy option. This is because large-scale phase 3 clinical trials are needed for approval, and are expensive and complicated to organise.[5]

In the meantime, outside of clinical trials, cord blood treatment for cerebral palsy is available only through expanded access or compassionate use pathways. This can require either individual approval for the treatment, as in Zara’s case, or participation in an existing expanded access programme, such as the one at Duke University in the USA.

Both of those routes to treatment are likely to require a child having access to either their own banked cord blood, or a sibling’s. This is because while there are public cord blood banks, the cord blood stored there may be available for use only for approved treatments or clinical trials.

Banking your baby’s cord blood at birth could therefore be essential to ensure access to this treatment if they, or a sibling, develop cerebral palsy. To learn more about cord blood banking, as well as other potential uses of cord blood for other diseases and conditions, fill in the form below to request your free guide.

References

[1] Booth, S. (2025). ‘Already improving’: First Aussie child receives top cerebral palsy treatment. https://www.heraldsun.com.au/health/conditions/already-improving-first-aussie-child-receives-top-cerebral-palsy-treatment/news-story/7f5e9b0bbab8bcf802aaa4e9e282d9ab

[2] Hudson Institute of Medical Research. (2025). Hudson Cell Therapies facilitates Australian first UCB stem cell treatment for cerebral palsy. https://www.hudson.org.au/news/hudson-cell-therapies-facilitates-australian-first-ucb-stem-cell-treatment-for-cerebral-palsy/

[3] Cerebral Palsy Alliance. (2025). Umbilical cord blood and cerebral palsy. https://cerebralpalsy.org.au/advocacy/umbilical-cord-blood/

[4] Finch-Edmondson, M., et al. (2025). Cord Blood Treatment for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis. Pediatrics, 155(5), p.e2024068999. doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2024-068999

[5] Parent’s Guide to Cord Blood (2025). Cord Blood Proven Effective for Cerebral Palsy. https://parentsguidecordblood.org/en/news/cord-blood-proven-effective-cerebral-palsy


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Managing type 2 diabetes can be a daily challenge, and scientists are always looking for better ways to help patients suffering from the condition. One such area of study is regenerative medicine, more specifically cellular therapy, with researchers investigating potential methods of managing type 2 diabetes with stem cells. A recent retrospective study offers new insights on how mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord tissue (UC-MSCs), specifically, could provide health improvements for patients.

What is type 2 diabetes?

In type 2 diabetes, either the body is unable to make enough insulin or the insulin it does produce does not work properly. Insulin is a hormone that helps cells use sugar for energy. When there isn’t enough of it, or it doesn’t work properly, sugar accumulates in the blood instead.

Over time, high blood sugar levels can cause damage to many parts of the body. This can include problems with the heart and blood vessels; kidney disease; nerve damage; and eye damage, including blindness.[1][2]

Treatment for type 2 diabetes is currently limited to lifestyle changes, such as healthy eating and weight loss, as well as medication to help control blood sugar levels.[3][4] Although these can be effective, using them to keep on top of blood sugar levels long term can be tricky, and most patients will eventually need insulin therapy.[5] In other words, there remains an unmet need for therapies that simplify long-term management of the disease.

How could cord tissue stem cells help?

In the quest for new treatments, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained considerable attention. MSCs possess unique properties, including the ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types, and they have low immunogenicity, meaning they are less likely to be rejected by the body. They also release beneficial factors that can help regenerate damaged cells and tissues.

Among different sources, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have emerged as a preferred choice for MSC-based therapies. UC-MSCs are considered more primitive and possess properties between embryonic and adult stem cells. They exhibit a higher proliferation rate and enhanced self-renewal capacity. What’s more, they have stronger regenerative and anti-inflammatory potential. These favourable properties position UC-MSCs as a promising approach for various diseases, including diabetes.[5]

What did the study find?

The study is a retrospective analysis of a cohort of type 2 diabetic patients who underwent UC-MSC treatment in several medical centres in Malaysia between 2014 and 2022. Researchers aimed to identify whether infusions of UC-MSCs could improve various health markers related to diabetes, including long-term blood sugar levels (HbA1c), inflammation, liver and kidney function, and cholesterol, as well as levels of insulin and how well the body responded to it. Study data included 218 patients who had a follow-up after 6 months, and 83 patients who had a follow-up after a year.

Results of the analysis show that the UC-MSCs infusions were safe, with no negative side effects reported. Patients in both follow-up groups showed significant improvements in their HbA1c levels, meaning their long-term blood sugar control got better. Levels of insulin and insulin resistance also significantly decreased in the 6-month follow-up group. Liver inflammation markers decreased in the 6-month follow-up group; furthermore, inflammation was found to have significantly decreased among patients in the 12-month follow-up group who had higher baseline inflammation. Lastly, the renal function of patients in the early stages of chronic kidney disease also showed improvement.

The study’s encouraging results are somewhat tempered by its inherent limitations. Due to the retrospective design, some information might have been missing, and different patient groups were looked at for different time points. There was no control group, which makes it harder to be sure that the observed effects were due to the treatment. Furthermore, other factors, such as lifestyle changes or medication, may also have influenced the outcome. Lastly, because the study focused on patients in certain areas of Malaysia, the results may not apply to all patients around the world with type 2 diabetes.

Protecting the future, today

Further investigation is needed, according to the study authors, to conclusively determine the effectiveness of UC-MSCs for managing type 2 diabetes. Still, there is a growing body of work suggesting that these powerful stem cells could prove to be an effective treatment.[6][7][8][9] If you’d like to learn more about the potential of cord tissue stem cells, as well as other rich sources of stem cells such as the cord blood and placenta, fill in the form below to request your free guide.

References

[1] NHS (2025). What Is Type 2 diabetes? https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/type-2-diabetes/what-is-type-2-diabetes/

[2] Mayo Clinic (2025). Type 2 diabetes. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20351193

[3] NHS (2025). Treatment for Type 2 diabetes. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/type-2-diabetes/treatment/

[4] Diabetes UK (2023). Type 2 diabetes treatments. https://www.diabetes.org.uk/about-diabetes/type-2-diabetes/treatments

[5] Chin SP, Kee LT, Mohd MA, Then KY. Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Infusion in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Retrospective Cytopeutics’ Registry Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2025;18:1643-1659
https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S507801

[6] Barbosa, J.C.C., et al. (2025). MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Cytotherapy, 27(5), pp.S67–S68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcyt.2025.03.122

[7] Nada, A.H., et al. (2025). Safety and efficacy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism, 20(2), pp.107–117. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17446651.2025.2457474

[8] Lian, X., et al. (2022). Effectiveness and safety of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus. World Journal of Diabetes, [online] 13(10), pp.877–887. doi:https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v13.i10.877

[9] Kassem, D.H. and Kamal, M.M. (2020). Therapeutic efficacy of umbilical cord-derived stem cells for diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis study. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 11(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-020-01996-x


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Researchers are investigating a novel placenta-derived stem cell therapy for multiple sclerosis, a currently incurable degenerative neurological condition. A recent phase 1 clinical trial, with findings published in Scientific Reports, assessed the safety and feasibility of this approach for patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.

What is multiple sclerosis? 

Multiple sclerosis is a lifelong condition that affects the brain and central nervous system. It is an autoimmune condition, caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking the myelin sheath which covers and protects the nerves. As a result of the myelin damage, the nerves become less efficient at sending messages to the body. The nerve damage continues to worsen over time, eventually leading to permanent disability.[1][2] Globally, multiple sclerosis affects around 2.3 million people.[3]

There are three main types of multiple sclerosis. In the relapsing-remitting type (RRMS), patients have distinct attacks (relapses) of symptoms, which then fade away partially or completely (remission). In the primary progressive type (PPMS), conversely, there is a gradual worsening of symptoms. Lastly, the secondary progressive type (SPMS) develops after RRMS for many people, and involves a gradual worsening of symptoms with or without active relapses.[4][5]

There is no cure for multiple sclerosis. Currently available treatment focuses on managing symptoms as well as reducing the seriousness and progression of the disease (disease-modifying therapies).[5][1]

Investigating stem cell therapy for multiple sclerosis

Current research is increasingly focusing on trying to find new treatments that would promote myelin regeneration (remyelination), reduce inflammation, and protect the nerves. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to address these goals, thanks to their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, regenerative and neuroprotective properties. MSCs derived from the placenta (PL-MSCs), in particular, may have more potent immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory effects compared to other types of MSCs. What’s more, they can be obtained easily and non-invasively.[3]

Researchers posited that PL-MSCs may therefore have a positive impact on patients with SPMS, more specifically on those who no longer respond to conventional treatment (treatment-refractory).

The phase 1 clinical trial involved five patients with treatment-refractory SPMS, and was aimed primarily at determining the safety and tolerability of the PL-MSC treatment over a six-month period. Researchers also looked at exploratory secondary outcomes, including clinical disability, cognitive and psychological assessments, brain imaging (DTI and fMRI), and immunological markers.

What did the study find?

The treatment proved to be safe, with no serious complication occurring. Two patients had a mild headache, but this was resolved with a common painkiller.

Importantly, the results showed sustained improvements in clinical outcomes, with significant reductions in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, a common measure of MS disability, in the first month after the treatment. By the third month, two participants had a continued reduction in their EDSS scores, while the other three remained stable.

After the treatment, participants also improved in cognitive and psychological tests. Functional MRI analysis suggested significant enhancements in brain connectivity and cognitive function. Blood tests also showed a decrease in the number of B cells, which are immune system cells involved in multiple sclerosis. Inflammatory proteins were found to have decreased, whereas anti-inflammatory protein levels increased.

The potential of placenta stem cells

It is important to keep in mind that this was a small phase 1 trial with a very limited number of participants, no control group and a relatively short follow-up period. The results are quite encouraging, but more research and larger-scale trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of the treatment.

Nevertheless, studies like these highlight the strong potential of placenta stem cells, as well as other stem cells derived from birth-related tissues, to treat conditions and diseases that are currently considered incurable. Having ready access to a source of these powerful cells could make the difference in the future in terms of treatments that are still being discovered today. To learn more about how to bank your baby’s placenta and umbilical cord for their own future use, fill in the form below to receive your free guide.

References

[1] MS Trust (2022). What is MS? https://mstrust.org.uk/information-support/about-ms/what-is-ms

[2] Mayo Clinic (2024). Multiple Sclerosis. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/multiple-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20350269

[3] Shokati, A., et al. (2025). Cell therapy with placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients in a phase 1 clinical trial. Scientific Reports, 15(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00590-6

[4] MS Society (2019). Types of MS. https://www.mssociety.org.uk/about-ms/types-of-ms

[5] NHS (2022). Multiple Sclerosis. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/multiple-sclerosis/


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As the world population ages, osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative, “wear-and-tear” form of arthritis which most often occurs during middle age and onwards,[1] becomes more common and therefore more burdensome. Knee osteoarthritis, in particular, is a major cause of work loss and disability.[2] Because of this, researchers have been seeking more effective treatments for the condition through studies and clinical trials. One such recent trial focused on injections of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the placenta.

What is knee osteoarthritis? 

In a healthy knee, smooth articular cartilage cushions the bone ends, allowing easy movement, aided by shock-absorbing wedges of cartilage called the menisci.[3] Knee osteoarthritis involves the progressive breakdown of this cartilage, reducing the protective space and potentially leading to bone-on-bone contact. Consequently, the affected joint becomes painful and stiff. Bony growths may also develop, deforming the bones and joint and potentially further limiting range of motion.[4] Quality of life for sufferers is severely reduced as a result,[5] particularly as knee osteoarthritis often involves both knees.[6]

The knee is one of the most common joints to be affected by osteoarthritis,[7] which itself is the most common type of arthritis in the UK[4] and worldwide.[8] Osteoarthritis is a long-term, chronic condition, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide[2]. It is currently considered incurable,[4] mainly due to the inability of available treatments to reverse damage to the joint.[9]

Knee osteoarthritis treatment options

Current treatment strategies for knee osteoarthritis focus mainly on managing symptoms and improving function.[10] These commonly include lifestyle modifications like regular low-impact exercise and weight management, as well as the use of supportive devices such as braces and canes, to reduce the strain on the knee. Pain relief medication is also common, as is physical therapy.

In cases where conservative treatment does not work sufficiently, doctors then look at surgical interventions. These could include injections such as corticosteroids, for pain relief, or hyaluronic acid, to provide some cushioning for the joint.[9] In severe cases, doctors may consider joint reshaping or joint replacement surgery.[9][10]

Researchers are constantly exploring new treatments for osteoarthritis that might address the underlying joint changes more directly. Of particular interest is regenerative medicine, including the use of MSCs. These powerful stem cells can differentiate into specialised cell types, including bone (osteoblasts) and cartilage (chondrocytes). Moreover, they have self-renewal capabilities and can provide an immune-suppressive, anti-inflammatory effect.[11]

There are several sources of MSCs, with those derived from bone marrow and fat having been investigated more so than those derived from perinatal (birth-related) tissues, such as the placenta and umbilical cord. This gap in the research is what this recent study aimed to address.[11]

What did the study find?

The primary goal of the study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of repeated placenta stem cell injections for knee osteoarthritis.[11]

The study enrolled a total of 26 patients who had been diagnosed with moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis. The participants were divided into two groups – a treatment group and a control. The treatment group received a series of three injections of placenta MSCs and hyaluronic acid directly into the knee joint, spaced four weeks apart. The control group, on the other hand, received only hyaluronic acid, at the same interval.

Researchers then assessed patients at the 6- and 12-month mark following the first injection. Progress was tracked using self-reported questionnaires measuring pain (VAS) and functionality (WOMAC), as well as through an MRI. Blood samples were also analysed for signs of inflammation.

Results showed that the injections of placenta MSCs were safe. Some patients experienced temporary joint pain or swelling after the injections. However, these issues resolved within a week and there were no serious side effects. In terms of effectiveness, the group receiving the stem cell treatment reported improvements in pain and joint function compared to the control group at both the 6- and 12-month mark. MRI analysis found no differences in cartilage thickness between the groups. Blood sample analysis, on the other hand, found reduced signs of inflammation in the treatment group, indicating the treatment had an anti-inflammatory effect.

Future treatment potential

It is important to realize that more extensive research is needed to confirm the effectiveness of placenta stem cell injections for knee osteoarthritis. Although very promising, the results come from a small-scale, phase 1 trial. Moreover, the trial was open-label, meaning patients were aware of whether they were receiving the MSC treatment. As a result, reporting of improvements could have been biased in favour of it.

The placenta stem cells used in this study are not the only promising treatment being investigated for osteoarthritis. In a separate study, for instance, cord blood stem cells were shown to help regenerate stronger knee cartilage. In the future, these powerful perinatal stem cells could provide an effective treatment not just for osteoarthritis, but also for many other illnesses and conditions currently considered incurable. To learn more about how you could preserve these stem cells for your baby, fill in the form below to receive your free guide.

References

[1] American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2022). Osteoarthritis – OrthoInfo. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/osteoarthritis/

[2] Li, H.-Z., et al. (2024). Global, regional, and national burdens of osteoarthritis from 1990 to 2021: findings from the 2021 global burden of disease study. Frontiers in Medicine, 11. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1476853

[3] American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (2023). Arthritis of the Knee – OrthoInfo. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases–conditions/arthritis-of-the-knee/

[4] NHS (2023). Osteoarthritis. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/osteoarthritis/

[5] Versus Arthritis. Tackling osteoarthritis – the UK’s leading cause of pain and disability. https://versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/data-and-statistics/tackling-osteoarthritis-the-uk-s-leading-cause-of-pain-and-disability/

[6] NHS (2019). Symptoms – Osteoarthritis. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/osteoarthritis/symptoms/

[7] Arthritis Foundation. Osteoarthritis of the Knee. https://www.arthritis.org/diseases/more-about/osteoarthritis-of-the-knee

[8] Mayo Clinic (2021). Osteoarthritis. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351925

[9] Mayo Clinic (2021). Osteoarthritis – Diagnosis and treatment. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351930

[10] NHS (2023). Treatment – Osteoarthritis. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/osteoarthritis/treatment/

[11] Holiuk, Y., et al. (2025). Effectiveness and safety of multiple injections of human placenta-derived MSCs for knee osteoarthritis: a nonrandomized phase I trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 26(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08664-2